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Skule Bårdsson
Skule Bårdsson or Duke Skule (Old Norse: Skúli Bárðarson) ( – 24 May 1240) was a Norwegian nobleman and claimant to the royal throne against his son-in-law, King Haakon Haakonsson. Henrik Ibsen's play ''Kongs-Emnerne'' (1863) is about the dispute between Duke Skule and King Haakon.〔(''Henrik Ibsen's Prose Dramas Vol III'' (The Walter Scott Company, London. 1890) )〕
==Biography==
Skule Bårdsson was born around 1189. As a son of Bård Guttormsson, he belonged to the Norwegian nobility and was a half-brother of King Inge Bårdsson who in his last years elevated Skule to be an earl (''jarl''). After King Inge's death in 1217, Haakon was chosen king at the age of 13, against the candidacy of Skule Bårdsson. However, Skule held much of the real power under a form of power sharing between Skule and Haakon. Skule's center of power was mostly in Nidaros. In order to facilitate a compromise between these two rivals, Skule's elder daughter Margrete Skulesdotter was married to King Haakon in 1225.〔(''Skule Bårdsson – utdypning'' (Store norske leksikon) )〕
Skule thought he had too little of the power and intermittently participated in opposition against King Haakon. In 1237, as another attempt of compromise, Skule was given the first Norwegian title of duke (''hertug''). Later, Skule restarted his rebellion against King Haakon. Among others, the Icelander writer Snorre Sturlason allied with Skule in the conflict. The rebellion led to the death of Snorri Sturluson.
Skule allowed his supporters to proclaim him king of Norway at the traditional Thing (''Øyrating'') in Trøndelag during 1239. Skule also tried, unsuccessfully, to win his other son-in-law, jarl Knut Haakonsson, to his side. He raised a military host against King Haakon and won a battle at Låka in Nannestad, but lost in Oslo. His party was called the ''Vårbelgs'', a reference to spring pelts of bad quality fur for poor people. In May 1240, Skule was defeated by King Haakon and his supporters. He sought refuge in Elgeseter Priory in Nidaros but Haakon's men burned down the monastery and killed Skule. With Skule’s death, the civil war era came to an end.〔(''Håkon Håkonsson 1217-1263'' (University of Oslo) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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